tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18846031753151240562024-02-18T18:11:44.766-08:00FEDERATED NETWORK SECURITY ADMINISTRATION PORTALAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-89916107931563869172013-08-06T00:35:00.001-07:002013-08-13T07:18:39.413-07:00BE 7th Sem AJT Practical List<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Plz visit this page...<br />
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<a href="http://bhadu-siem.blogspot.in/">http://bhadu-siem.blogspot.in/</a><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-65332887801946493062013-08-06T00:09:00.004-07:002013-08-06T00:09:44.932-07:00Configuring Different Servers in Linux<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring Different Servers in Linux: <u>Quickest</u>
Guide<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Following servers will be covered<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">NFS File Server
- </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">share files between Linux and Linux
machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Samba File Server - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">share
files between Windows machine and Linux machine.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Telnet server - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">log into server and get a command prompt just as if they were
logged into the VGA consol.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">SSH
Server – </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Same as </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Telnet. But telnet sends name and password as plain text but ssh
send name and password as encrypted data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">FTP Server - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We can share file in internet through ftp
server.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DNS Server - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">converts machine names to IP address that
all machines on the net have<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DHCP Server – </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">dynamically defines ip for its client
computer.<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Apache Server - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">to use a Linux system as a web server.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">NFS File Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Creating
an NFS file server is a way to share large amounts of data among the users and
computers in an organization. We can share files between Linux and Linux
machine by NFS file server. An administrator of a Linux system has several
things to do to get a NFS working.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Installing
NFS server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
can check nfs is installed or not by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
rpm -qa nfs*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">If
the nfs server is not installed then we have to install it by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
rpm -ivh nfs-rpm-file-name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
the /etc/exports file:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to give the path of all directories we want to share, the host name or ip
we want to give share (* for all host) and permission<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/etc/exports
file:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/mnt/win_e
*(rw)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/home/LinuxSoft/
*(rw)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">if
we give host name we have to define the ip for host name in /etc/hosts file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
NFS Server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to start NFS by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
service nfs start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">we
can also use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
service nfs restart and #service nfs stop to restart and stop NFS server<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Viewing
Shared Files in Other Hosts:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
see the shared files in another host we have to use the following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
showmount -e hostname or <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
showmount -e ipaddress<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Mounting
and Unmounting Files from other host :<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
mount files from other hosts we have to use following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
mount hostname:/share_dir_name /mount_point<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">here
we can also use ip in place of hostname<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">After
mounting we will file all files in the mount_point where we mounted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
unmount <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
umount /mount_point<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Samba File Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Samba
is software package that lets us share files between Windows machine and Linux
machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Installing
Samba server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
can check samba is installed or not by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
rpm -qa samba*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">If
the samba server is not installed then we have to install it by following
command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
rpm -ivh samba-rpm-file-name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
the /etc/samba/smb.conf file:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to configure the following options in /etc/samba/smb.conf file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> workgroup = Rakeb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> server string = rakeb's samba server<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> printcap name = /etc/printcap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> load printers = yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> security = share<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Giving
Share:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
share any directory we have to configure the following options in
/etc/samba/smb.conf file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[LinuxSoft]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> comment = Lalir drive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> path = /home/LinuxSoft<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> public = yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> writable = yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[Win_e]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> comment = Windows e drive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> path = /mnt/win_e<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> public = yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> writable = yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">here
we shared /home/LinuxSoft and /mnt/win_e directories<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
Samba Server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to start Samba by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
service smb start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">we
can also use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
service smb restart and #service smb stop to restart and stop samba server<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Viewing
Shared Files in Other Hosts:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
see the shared files in another host we have to use the following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
smbclient -L rak_pc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">This
command will show a list of shared directories of rak_pc, we can also use ip
address in place of rak_pc i.e. In place of host name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Mounting
and Unmounting Files from other host :<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
mount files from other hosts we have to use following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
smbmount '//rak_pc/RakebCd' /tmp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">After
mounting we will file all files in the mount_point where we mounted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">To
unmount<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
smbumount /tmp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Telnet Server</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Telnet
is a program that allows users to log into server and get a command <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">prompt
just as if they were logged into the VGA consol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/etc/xinetd.d/telnet file:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
need to configure /etc/xinetd.d/telnet file as following<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
default: on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"># unencrypted username/password pairs
for authentication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">service
telnet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> flags = REUSE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> socket_type = stream <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> wait =
no<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> user =
root<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> log_on_failure += USERID<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> disable = no<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Restarting
xinetd:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to restart xinetd service<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
service xinetd restart<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Logging
in by Telnet:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to give the following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# telnet 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Trying
192.168.1.17...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Connected
to 192.168.1.17.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Escape
character is '^]'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Red
Hat Linux release 9 (Shrike)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Kernel
2.4.20-8 on an i686<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">login:
rakeb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Password:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Last
login: Sun May 9 <st1:time hour="13" minute="8" w:st="on">13:08:43</st1:time> from 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">this
is rakeb's pc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[rakeb@rakebpc
rakeb]$<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Here
telnet enables a connection with 192.168.1.17 then we give a user name and
password<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">SSH Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">SSH
is same as Telnet. But telnet sends name and password as plain text but ssh
send name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">and
password as encrypted data. We can also login as root by telnet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
ssh server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# service sshd start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Loging
in unisg SSH:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# ssh -l rakeb 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">rakeb@192.168.1.17's
password:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">this
is rakeb's pc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[rakeb@rakebpc
rakeb]$<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">FTP Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">FTP
is File Transfer Protocol. We can share file in internet through ftp server.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
FTP server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# service vsftpd start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Logging
to the ftp server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# ftp 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Connected
to 192.168.1.17 (192.168.1.17).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">220
(vsFTPd 1.1.3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Name
(192.168.1.17:root): rakeb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">331
Please specify the password.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Password:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">230
Login successful. Have fun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Remote
system type is UNIX.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Using
binary mode to transfer files.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">ftp>
put<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">(local-file)
/mnt/rakeb.jpg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">(remote-file)
/home/rakeb/new.jpg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">local:
/mnt/rakeb.jpg remote: /home/rakeb/new.jpg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">227
Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,17,156,216)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">150
Ok to send data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">226
File receive OK.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">6942
bytes sent in 0.0123 secs (5.5e+02 Kbytes/sec)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">ftp>
get<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">(remote-file)
/home/rakeb/new.jpg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">(local-file)
/mnt/new1.jpg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">local:
/mnt/new1.jpg remote: /home/rakeb/new.jpg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">227
Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,17,236,158)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">150
Opening BINARY mode data connection for /home/rakeb/new.jpg (6942 bytes).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">226
File send OK.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">6942
bytes received in 0.000277 secs (2.4e+04 Kbytes/sec)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">ftp>
bye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">221
Goodbye.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">here
we connect to 192.168.1.17 ftp server and login as rakeb.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Uploading
and Downloading File:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to use put command for uploading files<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">and
get command for downloading files<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DNS Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DNS
Server is Domain Name System Server. DNS converts machine names to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">IP
address that all machines on the net have. It maos from name to IP address<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">and
IP address to name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Installing
DNS Server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
can check dns server is installed or not by following caommand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# rpm -qa bind*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">If
it is not installed then we have to install it by <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# rpm -ivh bind-rpm-file-name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Files
Required To Configure:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/etc/hosts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/etc/named.conf<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/ets/resolve.conf<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/var/named/os2.edu.fz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/var/named/os2.edu.rev<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">/var/named/named.local<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">First
we have to make a copy of /var/named/localhost.zone as /var/named/os2.edu.fz
which<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">is
our forward zone file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Then
we have to make a copy of /var/named/named.local as /var/named/os2.edu.rev
which<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">is
our reverse zone file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/etc/hosts:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to configure /etc/hosts as following<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"># Do
not remove the following line, or various programs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">#
that require network functionality will fail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">127.0.0.1 localhost<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">192.168.1.18 raselpc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">192.168.1.17 rakeb.os2.edu rakeb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/etc/named.conf:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">The
configuration of this file will be like following<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">//
generated by named-bootconf.pl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">options
{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> directory "/var/named";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> /*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> * If there is a firewall between you and
nameservers you want<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> * to talk to, you might need to uncomment the
query-source<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> * directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> * questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses
an unprivileged<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> * port by default.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> */<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> query-source address * port 53;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">// <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">// a
caching only nameserver config<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">// <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">controls
{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; }
keys { rndckey; };<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">zone
"." IN {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> type hint;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> file "named.ca";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">zone
"os2.edu" IN {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> type master;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> file "os2.edu.fz";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> allow-update { none; };<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">zone
"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> type master;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> file "os2.edu.rev";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> allow-update { none; };<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">zone
"localhost" IN {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> type master;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> file "localhost.zone";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> allow-update { none; };<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">zone
"0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> type master;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> file "named.local";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> allow-update { none; };<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">};<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">include
"/etc/rndc.key";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/var/named/os2.edu.fz:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">The
file named /var/named/os2.edu.fz is our forwardzone file.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">It's
configuration will be like following.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">$TTL 86400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">$TTL 86400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">@ 1D
IN SOA rakeb.os2.edu. root.os2.edu. (<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
1997022700 ; Serial<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
28800 ; Refresh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
14400 ; Retry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
3600000 ; Expire<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> 86400
) ; Minimum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">@ 1D IN NS rakeb.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">rakeb IN A 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">www IN A 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">proxy IN A 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">mail IN A 192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/var/named/os2.edu.rev:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">The
file named /var/named/os2.edu.rev is our reversezone file.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">It's
configuration will be like following.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">$TTL 86400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">@ IN
SOA rakeb.os2.edu.
root.os2.edu. (<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
1997022700 ; Serial<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
28800 ; Refresh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
14400 ; Retry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> 3600000 ; Expire<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> 86400
) ; Minimum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">@ IN
NS rakeb.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">17 IN
PTR rakeb.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">17 IN
PTR mail.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">17 IN
PTR www.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">17 IN
PTR proxy.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/var/named/named.local:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">The
file named /var/named/named.local is our reversezone file for localhost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">It's
configuration will be like following.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">$TTL 86400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">@ IN
SOA localhost. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">root.localhost. (<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
1997022700 ; Serial<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
28800 ; Refresh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
14400 ; Retry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
3600000 ; Expire<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> 86400 ) ; Minimum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">@ IN
NS rakeb.os2.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">1 IN
PTR localhost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/etc/resolv.conf:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">It's
contents will be like following.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">search
os2.edu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">nameserver
192.168.1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">nameserver
192.168.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">nameserver
203.188.190.136<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
dns server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to start dns server by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# service named start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DHCP Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DHCP
server dynamically defines ip for its client computer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Installing
DHCP Server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">we
have to check dhcp server is installed or not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# rpm -qa dhcp*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">dhcp-3.0pl1-23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">if
dhcp server is not installed then we have to install its rpm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# rpm -ivh dhcp-rpm-file-name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/etc/dhcpd.conf:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to configure /etc/dhcpd.conf as following<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">ddns-update-style
interim;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">ignore
client-updates;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">subnet
192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> option domain-name "os2.edu";<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.17;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> option routers 192.168.1.17;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.220;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> default-lease-time 21600;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> max-lease-time 43200;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Creating
/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to create it by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# touch /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
dhcp server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to start dhcp server by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# service dhcpd start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
dhcpd:
[ OK ]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
can also use restart and stop<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Now
if we use windows in client computer we have to set ip by automatically ip
address.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">If
we use Linux in client computer we have to set ip by automatically obtain ip
setting with dhcp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">APACHE Web Server<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Apache
server is needed when to want to use a Linux system as a web server. Two of the
most popular UNIX web server packages are Apache and NCSA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Installing
apache:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
can check apache is installed or not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# rpm -qa apache<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">If
it is not installed we have to install it by following command<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">[root@rakebpc
root]# rpm -ivh apache-rpm-file-name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Configuring
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">We
have to configure the following options<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">ServerName
www.os2.edu:80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DirectoryIndex
index.html index.html.var index.php<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">DocumentRoot
"/var/www/html"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Starting
apache server:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">service
httpd start<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Now
we have to open a web browser and type the address like www.os2.edu then<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">index
page will be opened.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-78729399395118388372013-08-05T22:37:00.002-07:002013-08-13T07:10:55.649-07:00M.E. 3rd sem SP practical list at SIEM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Plz visit this page...<br />
<br />
<a href="http://bhadu-siem.blogspot.in/">http://bhadu-siem.blogspot.in/</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-42990563144697518112013-08-02T02:24:00.003-07:002013-08-02T02:24:34.245-07:00Edward Snowden is a Hero or not ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h1 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px;">
Who is Edward Snowden?</h1>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Edward Snowden is the man who changed the history of the Internet; he revealed information on the largest and most secret surveillance program implemented by the U.S. Government.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Snowden is a 29-year-old technical assistant for the Central Intelligence Agency who has worked at the National Security Agency for the last four years. He has also worked for various defense contractors; his last job was with Booz Allen Hamilton.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Edward Snowden decided to reveal his identity, according to <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance?guni=Network%20front:network-front%20full-width-1%20bento-box:Bento%20box:Position1" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian</em></a>, exposing his person to serious risks, the U.S. government was seriously embarrassed by the revelation of the man that confirmed that surveillance activities involved also other governments such as the British one.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Snowden’s declarations to <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian</em> and the <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Washington Post</em> have shocked American public opinion. The country was divided between supporters and opponents, U.S. citizens found themselves asking questions about issues of security and privacy and wondering what was the right compromise between the two requirements. The U.S. government is defending the surveillance program; it is considered by authorities a necessary activity of intelligence to prevent other terrorist plots and Obama’s administration confirmed that the debated data collection has already prevented terrorist acts.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">During an interview with <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian,</em> Snowden revealed that he is concerned about being persecuted by the U.S. government, and his concerns are legitimate, considering other cases like Bradley Edward Manning, the U.S. Army soldier who was arrested in May 2010 in Iraq on suspicion of having passed classified material to the website WikiLeaks. Edward Snowden fears that the government will persecute him for disclosing top secret documentation on an extensive surveillance program known as <a href="http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/15026/intelligence/us-top-secret-massive-surveillance-program-prism-revealed.html" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="PRISM – US Top Secret massive surveillance program revealed">PRISM</a>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Snowden escaped from the U.S. by going to Hong Kong. He went to the Chinese territory because he believes it is independent and has “a strong tradition of free speech.”</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“I’ve left the room maybe a total of three times during my entire stay<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,</em>” he said<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</em></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The disclosure started with the publication of the secret court order to <a href="http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/14947/intelligence/nsa-is-collecting-phone-records-of-millions-of-americans-daily.html" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="NSA collecting phone records of millions of US citizens daily">Verizon</a> Communications, but that was just the tip of the iceberg; all the principal U.S. IT companies are supporting the surveillance program PRISM. The surveillance architecture monitors every activity on the Internet and accesses data from companies such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook, and Apple.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Today, Snowden is blocked in the transit area of Moscow’s Sheremetyevo International Airport, although journalists have been unable to spot him.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifvCZcasWUKUi7i83clyCslPhB8cI9k_YG9OAbv6H9GznjERSOltI0922tn9sMtgBoYPYFc3vtZjbqFN036_b_HC3nxG-wWNYL-32OLWx1otQdDo9GCZoPgN6yGN5gbR0BDIChOWFcuv04/s1600/072513_1329_HowEdwardSn1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifvCZcasWUKUi7i83clyCslPhB8cI9k_YG9OAbv6H9GznjERSOltI0922tn9sMtgBoYPYFc3vtZjbqFN036_b_HC3nxG-wWNYL-32OLWx1otQdDo9GCZoPgN6yGN5gbR0BDIChOWFcuv04/s1600/072513_1329_HowEdwardSn1.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">In the area are located three terminals and it includes both the <a href="http://www.eng.v-exp.ru/" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">V-Express Capsule Hote</a>l and one wing of the<a href="http://www.accorhotels.com/gb/hotel-1349-novotel-moscow-sheremetyevo-airport/index.shtml" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Novotel</a>, as well as the detention rooms reserved for refugees and others with uncertain immigration status who wait to be admitted to the country or shipped back to their place of departure.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnaYCglEIkM" target="_blank">Snowden Interview</a></span></div>
<h1 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px;">
The awareness of being a moving target</h1>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Snowden knows very well the world of intelligence and the way the secret services of his country operate; that’s why he decided to go to the daylight and to attract all this hype around him, it is necessary for his survival. Snowden considered the decision to make public news on the PRISM surveillance program for a long time and he has certainly adopted all necessary countermeasures to hide his network of contacts, disseminating false information on his intentions and storing in a secure place the information gathered that represents his life insurance.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The belief that Snowden decided to reveal details of his past activities in the intelligence sector led the security community to commit some serious errors. He probably received great support from hacktivist movements that sustained him in difficult moments. Don’t forget that the young technician was aware of the consequences of his decision.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Why has nobody spoken before now of possible accomplices outside of U.S. intelligence? And what if his accomplices are personnel of U.S. intelligence? It’s my opinion that Snowden has received support to organize the disclosure of the information and its storage in a secure place.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">During the interview with <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian</em>, Snowden admitted that he has a clear idea of his future and the way his life was changing.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“I could be rendered by the CIA, I could have people come after me.”<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </em>“We’ve got a CIA station just up the road in the consulate here in Hong Kong, and I’m sure,” “that they’re going to be very busy for the next week, and that’s a fear I’ll live under for the rest of my life.”</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">But Snowden is considered a mine of information, especially for foreign intelligence. He knows the secret systems and the name of actors involved in surveillance program; the access to this information represents a serious menace to homeland security. The man had access to an impressive amount of secret data and confidential documents and nobody has a real idea of which information he kept for himself.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The access to the same information from a foreign government could have serious repercussions. That’s why it is certain that Snowden has adopted the necessary measures to prevent uncontrolled data disclosure.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Snowden still remains at a Moscow airport, thanks temporary asylum from the Russian government that later invited him to leave the country, denying political asylum to avoid interference with the relationship with the U.S. government. Snowden’s Russian lawyer, Anatoly Kucherena, confirmed the intention of the man to leave the Russia, but the news is not reassuring for U.S. authorities, who fear the possibility that he could exchange information to receive help in avoiding arrest and capture.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian</em> published a collection of emails between former New Hampshire Sen. Gordon Humphrey and Snowden, in which the technician remarked that that it’s impossible for information in his possession to be obtained by hostile governments.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 36pt; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Former two-term GOP Senator Gordon Humphrey of New Hampshire emailed <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/edward-snowden" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="More from guardian.co.uk on Edward Snowden"><span style="color: #005689; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Edward Snowden</span></a></em></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">yesterday [emphasis added]:</em></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 36pt; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Mr. Snowden,</em></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 36pt; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Provided you have not leaked information that would put in harm’s way any intelligence agent, I believe you have <strong style="font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">done the right thing in exposing what I regard as massive violation of the United States Constitution.</strong></em></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: PTSansRegular; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 36pt; padding: 0px;">
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Having served in the United States Senate for twelve years as a member of the Foreign Relations Committee, the Armed Services Committee and the Judiciary Committee, I think I have a good grounding to reach my conclusion.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">I wish you well in your efforts to secure asylum and encourage you to persevere.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Kindly acknowledge this message, so that I will know it reached you.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Regards,<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Gordon J. Humphrey</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Accordingly, Mr. Greenwald sent this to the whistleblower, thanking him for exposing the astonishing surveillance program and at the same time preserving the information that would disclose the details of the PRISM program. Following is Snowden’s reply:</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Mr. Humphrey,</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Thank you for your words of support. I only wish more of our lawmakers shared your principles – the actions I’ve taken would not have been necessary.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The media has distorted my actions and intentions to distract from the substance of Constitutional violations and instead focus on personalities. It seems they believe every modern narrative requires a bad guy. Perhaps it does. Perhaps, in such times, loving one’s country means being hated by its government.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If history proves that be so, I will not shy from that hatred. I will not hesitate to wear those charges of villainy for the rest of my life as a civic duty, allowing those governing few who dared not do so themselves to use me as an excuse to right these wrongs.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">My intention, which I outlined when this began, is to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them. I remain committed to that. Though reporters and officials may never believe it, I have not provided any information that would harm our people – agent or not – and I have no intention to do so.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Further, no intelligence service – not even our own – has the capacity to compromise the secrets I continue to protect. While it has not been reported in the media, one of my specializations was to teach our people at DIA how to keep such information from being compromised even in the highest threat counter-intelligence environments (i.e. China).</em></strong></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">You may rest easy knowing I cannot be coerced into revealing that information, even under torture.</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">With my thanks for your service to the nation we both love,</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Edward Snowden</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A passage in the above email highlights the impossibility of accessing Snowden’s information without his consent; presumably he has encrypted it, limiting access only to a restricted number of individuals in possession of the encryption keys. This is a possibility, and I have explicitly used the plural because I am convinced that the keys have been shared in very difficult times by Snowden with someone who is assigned the task of disseminating information in case of accidents and adverse events that could affect the young technician.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">In a single-step encryption the key used to encrypt document represents the “single point of failure” of the system; obtaining it, the entire information could be revealed, so the principal problem for Snowden was to distribute the responsibility of data maintenance among many individuals.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">It is likely Snowden, or anyone who has helped him, has thought of an onion encryption scheme. In every layer could be stored encrypted information and a reference to the owner of the encryption key for those levels.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">To avoid that, the encryption chain could be blocked by the absence of one of participants; the information could be encrypted separately by two individuals, in this way in the same level there will be always two copies of the same data enciphered with public keys of two individuals. Both individuals could decrypt the documents with their private keys. The encrypted data in reality are also another couple of enciphered containers.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This is just an idea and possible variants are theoretically infinite.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A similar schema could be efficient only if many accomplices are involved in the conservation and eventual disclosure of data, but it could be too complex to realize for obvious reasons.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Another element to consider is how the files could be spread in the event that Snowden is killed. A totally automated process for the disclosure of information is a possibility, but it is more likely that other people are involved to start the process.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“If something does happen to [Snowden] all the information will be revealed and it could be [the U.S. government's] worst nightmare.”</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">According some intelligence experts, the U.S. technician hid the classified documents before fleeing Hong Kong for safety reasons; the news was also reported by the <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Sunday Times,</em> which cited an informed source.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">According to the popular paper, Snowden left behind at least four laptops containing secret intelligence reports when he set off for the Hong Kong airport. It also remarked that copies of encrypted files could be stored in his safety deposit box.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Glenn Greenwald, <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian</em> journalist Snowden first contacted in February, revealed that Edward Snowden “has taken all necessary precautions to distribute the precious documents to individuals all around the world, with the purpose that the archives will inevitably be published in case of incidents.”</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">According to Greenwald, people in possession of these files <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“cannot access them yet because they are highly encrypted and they do not have the passwords.”</em> This confirms the use of an encryption system. Greenwald also added, <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“If anything happens at all to Edward Snowden, he told me he has arranged for them to get access to the full archives.”</em> Greenwald confirmed that Snowden has no intention to reveal technical information, specifications or blueprints to other states.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Assuming that Snowden has used a single password to encrypt the secret documents the question is: “How would he arrange to send it to unlock encrypted files if he is operating alone?”</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">In this case there is a concrete suspicion that that man received the support of at least another individual. Another possibility is the deployment of an automated process that, for example, periodically checks whether a condition is satisfied that will make it necessary to send the key to a list of people who are in possession of the archives.</span></div>
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Deep web or cloud computing?</h1>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Where has Snowden hidden the secret archives?</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Another fascinating hypothesis is that the young whistleblower has provided to a restricted number of individuals key findings for stolen information and instructions on how to access to the overall amount of leaked data.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">At this point it is crucial to understand where is possible to hide information on the Internet away from prying eyes. The Deep Web is one of most secure place where Snowden could have hidden the confidential documents. The Deep Web (or Invisible Web) is the set of information resources on the World Wide Web not reported by normal <a href="http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/1273/intelligence/the-strategic-importance-of-censorship-in-search-engines.html" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="The strategic importance of censorship in search engines">search</a><a href="http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/1273/intelligence/the-strategic-importance-of-censorship-in-search-engines.html" style="color: #107d06; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="The strategic importance of censorship in search engines"> engines</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">According to several researchers, the principal search engines index only a small portion of the overall web content; the remaining part is unknown to the majority of web users, and it is exactly the obscurest part of the web that intelligence uses to hide secret information and services.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory promoted the Tor project. “Tor” is the acronym of “The onion router,” a system implemented to enable online anonymity. Tor client software routes Internet traffic through a worldwide volunteer network of servers hiding users’ information, eluding any monitoring.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Snowden is aware of the potential of the project and it is possible that alone, or with the help of other whistleblowers, he has created a hidden service for the provisioning of the secret information.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">According to security experts, Edward Snowden used the Tor network to send information about the surveillance program PRISM to both the <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Washington Post</em> and <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Guardian</em> in June 2013.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Without complicating our lives, it is possible to create a server on which files can be stored in encrypted format. The authentication could be implemented in various ways, depending on the level of security desired; for example, it is possible to allow access to the user only if he is in possession of a digital certificate on his machine. The files could all be encrypted and the certificate could be also used as a container to hold the keys to decrypt the information.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If the clear web seems to have no more secret for intelligence agencies, the Deep Web is totally different from.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The NSA is building a Utah data-mining facility to monitor overall communications traffic; according to security experts, the Utah data center’s purpose is also to penetrate and gather the data hidden in the “deep web,” normally not available for public browsing.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“… The data stored in Bluffdale will naturally go far beyond the world’s billions of public web pages. The NSA is more interested in the so-called invisible web, also known as the deep web or deepnet—data beyond the reach of the public. This includes password-protected data, U.S. and foreign government communications, and noncommercial file-sharing between trusted peers. ‘The deep web contains government reports, databases, and other sources of information of high value to DOD and the intelligence community,’ according to a 2010 Defense Science Board report. ‘Alternative tools are needed to find and index data in the deep web … Stealing the classified secrets of a potential adversary is where the [intelligence] community is most comfortable.’ With its new Utah Data Center, the NSA will at last have the technical capability to store, and rummage through, all those stolen secrets. The question, of course, is how the agency defines who is, and who is not, ‘a potential adversary.’”</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Tor network isn’t the unique opportunity for a whistleblower like Snowden; I2P could represent a valid alternative According to the official definition, <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“I2P is a scalable, self organizing, resilient packet switched anonymous network layer, upon which any number of different anonymity or security conscious applications can operate.”</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">In an I2P network the “hidden” component is represented by an application executed by the node, and of course the path followed by the information to reach the destination.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Have you ever read about </em>eepSites<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">?</em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-style: normal;">An eepSite is a website that is hosted and anonymously accessible through a proper setting of web browser HTTP proxy to use the I2P proxy (typically it listens on localhost port 4444) for browsing the site.</span></em></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6NTmTbfeouEjszKBvDv_cIl_JKMjxgB9AefDY0ZRBLkeL-0NDWOgBImShcaXmayeSWNbX4E0GeGRTX1W2dndFrGE8wt4U8BXQ1dhJJVmT0xQXarGQeh4WJGKnb6lRMznqYM6mzJqulz1O/s1600/072513_1329_HowEdwardSn4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6NTmTbfeouEjszKBvDv_cIl_JKMjxgB9AefDY0ZRBLkeL-0NDWOgBImShcaXmayeSWNbX4E0GeGRTX1W2dndFrGE8wt4U8BXQ1dhJJVmT0xQXarGQeh4WJGKnb6lRMznqYM6mzJqulz1O/s1600/072513_1329_HowEdwardSn4.png" height="290" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Installing an eepsite application on a server, it is possible to emulate the behavior of an ordinary web server, with the primary difference that a site on I2Ps Darknet is hidden from prying eyes because nobody has any idea of where the server runs.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The last hypothesis, in my humble opinion less likely, is that Snowden has hidden his file somewhere in the cloud. In this case, the question is: Which cloud has Snowden used?</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The young technician is aware that practically every cloud service, such as Dropbox, Microsoft’s SkyDrive, or Box.net, hosted within the United States, even if it has European or non-U.S. data centers, is under complete control of his government. The unique alternative is represented by a private cloud infrastructure, but the effort and the cost to distribute and maintain these architectures can simply not be sustained by a limited number of persons. We must consider that, just after Snowden’s revelation, U.S. secret services have unleashed a veritable manhunt analyzing, as far as possible, any previous relationship and movement of the young man.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></em></span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Probably the setup of these types of infrastructures would have left some traces in the network that would not escape to the U.S. intelligence.</span></div>
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Conclusion</h1>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This post has the unique intention to introduce a couple of the infinite possibilities that a man who has worked for the intelligence for several years has to hide secret documents. Probably he used a complex service in the hidden web or perhaps he has hidden the precious data in a sever hosted in an unknown server farm; what is important is that the man has guaranteed his survival in this way… Snowden never dies since his data remain secret, when they become public it will be too late.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Let us hope that the information does not fall into the wrong hands!</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-35445613361142584162013-08-02T02:14:00.001-07:002013-08-02T02:14:17.312-07:00Nasib to unke bhi hote he jinke hath nhi hote... A True Inspire Story of a Boy who got job in Google<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Guy who got into Google</h2>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">N</span>aga Naresh Karutura has just passed out of IIT Madras in Computer Science and has joined Google in Bangalore.</div>
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You may ask, what's so special about this 21-year-old when there are hundreds of students passing out from various IITs and joining big companies like Google?</div>
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Naresh is special. His parents are illiterate. He has no legs and moves around in his powered wheel chair. (In fact, when I could not locate his lab, he told me over the mobile phone, 'I will come and pick you up'. And in no time, he was there to guide me)</div>
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Ever smiling, optimistic and full of spirit; that is Naresh. He says, "God has always been planning things for me. That is why I feel I am lucky."</div>
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Read why Naresh feels he is lucky.</div>
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<strong>Childhood in a village</strong><br />I spent the first seven years of my life in Teeparru, a small village in Andhra Pradesh, on the banks of the river Godavari. My father Prasad was a lorry driver and my mother Kumari, a house wife. Though they were illiterate, my parents instilled in me and my elder sister (Sirisha) the importance of studying.</div>
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Looking back, one thing that surprises me now is the way my father taught me when I was in the 1st and 2nd standards. My father would ask me questions from the text book, and I would answer them. At that time, I didn't know he could not read or write but to make me happy, he helped me in my studies!</div>
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Another memory that doesn't go away is the floods in the village and how I was carried on top of a buffalo by my uncle. I also remember plucking fruits from a tree that was full of thorns.</div>
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I used to be very naughty, running around and playing all the time with my friends. I used to get a lot of scolding for disturbing the elders who slept in the afternoon. The moment they started scolding, I would run away to the fields!</div>
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I also remember finishing my school work fast in class and sleeping on the teacher's lap!</div>
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<strong>January 11, 1993, the fateful day</strong><br />On the January 11, 1993 when we had the sankranti holidays, my mother took my sister and me to a nearby village for a family function. From there we were to go with our grandmother to our native place. But my grandmother did not come there. As there were no buses that day, my mother took a lift in my father's friend's lorry. As there were many people in the lorry, he made me sit next to him, close to the door.</div>
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It was my fault; I fiddled with the door latch and it opened wide throwing me out. As I fell, my legs got cut by the iron rods protruding from the lorry. Nothing happened to me except scratches on my legs.</div>
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The accident had happened just in front of a big private hospital but they refused to treat me saying it was an accident case. Then a police constable who was passing by took us to a government hospital.</div>
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First I underwent an operation as my small intestine got twisted. The doctors also bandaged my legs. I was there for a week. When the doctors found that gangrene had developed and it had reached up to my knees, they asked my father to take me to a district hospital. There, the doctors scolded my parents a lot for neglecting the wounds and allowing the gangrene to develop. But what could my ignorant parents do?</div>
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In no time, both my legs were amputated up to the hips.</div>
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I remember waking up and asking my mother, where are my legs? I also remember that my mother cried when I asked the question. I was in the hospital for three months.</div>
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<strong>Life without legs</strong><br />I don't think my life changed dramatically after I lost both my legs. Because all at home were doting on me, I was enjoying all the attention rather than pitying myself. I was happy that I got a lot of fruits and biscuits.</div>
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'I never wallowed in self-pity'<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7.5pt;">July 28, 2008</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 7.5pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">T</span>he day I reached my village, my house was flooded with curious people; all of them wanted to know how a boy without legs looked. But I was not bothered; I was happy to see so many of them coming to see me, especially my friends!</div>
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All my friends saw to it that I was part of all the games they played; they carried me everywhere.</div>
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God's hand<br />I believe in God. I believe in destiny. I feel he plans everything for you. If not for the accident, we would not have moved from the village to Tanuku, a town. There I joined a missionary school, and my father built a house next to the school. Till the tenth standard, I studied in that school.</div>
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If I had continued in Teeparu, I may not have studied after the 10th. I may have started working as a farmer or someone like that after my studies. I am sure God had other plans for me.</div>
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My sister, my friend<br />When the school was about to reopen, my parents moved from Teeparu to Tanuku, a town, and admitted both of us in a Missionary school. They decided to put my sister also in the same class though she is two years older. They thought she could take care of me if both of us were in the same class. My sister never complained.</div>
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She would be there for everything. Many of my friends used to tell me, you are so lucky to have such a loving sister. There are many who do not care for their siblings.</div>
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She carried me in the school for a few years and after a while, my friends took over the task. When I got the tricycle, my sister used to push me around in the school.</div>
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My life, I would say, was normal, as everyone treated me like a normal kid. I never wallowed in self-pity. I was a happy boy and competed with others to be on top and the others also looked at me as a competitor. {mospagebreak}</div>
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<strong>Inspiration</strong><br />I was inspired by two people when in school; my Maths teacher Pramod Lal who</div>
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encouraged me to participate in various local talent tests, and a brilliant boy called Chowdhary, who was my senior.</div>
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When I came to know that he had joined Gowtham Junior College to prepare for IIT-JEE, it became my dream too. I was school first in 10th scoring 542/600.</div>
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Because I topped in the state exams, Gowtham Junior College waived the fee for me. Pramod Sir's recommendation also helped. The fee was around Rs 50,000 per year, which my parents could never afford.</div>
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Moving to a residential school<br />Living in a residential school was a big change for me because till then my life centred around home and school and I had my parents and sister to take care of all my needs. It was the first time that I was interacting with society. It took one year for me to adjust to the new life.</div>
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There, my inspiration was a boy called K K S Bhaskar who was in the top 10 in IIT-JEE exams. He used to come to our school to encourage us. Though my parents didn't know anything about Gowtham Junior School or IIT, they always saw to it that I was encouraged in whatever I wanted to do. If the results were good, they would praise me to the skies and if bad, they would try to see something good in that. They did not want me to feel bad.</div>
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They are such wonderful supportive parents.</div>
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Life at IIT- Madras<br />Though my overall rank in the IIT-JEE was not that great (992), I was 4th in the physically handicapped category. So, I joined IIT, Madras to study Computer Science.</div>
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Here, my role model was Karthik who was also my senior in school. I looked up to him during my years at IIT- Madras.</div>
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He had asked for attached bathrooms for those with special needs before I came here itself. So, when I came here, the room had attached bath. He used to help me and guide me a lot when I was here.</div>
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I evolved as a person in these four years, both academically and personally. It has been a great experience studying here. The people I was interacting with were so brilliant that I felt privileged to sit along with them in the class. Just by speaking to my lab mates, I gained a lot.</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">'There are more good people in society than bad ones'</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 10pt;"><br /><br />{mospagebreak}</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">W</span>ords are inadequate to express my gratitude to Prof Pandurangan and all my lab mates; all were simply great. I was sent to Boston along with four others for our internship by Prof Pandurangan. It was a great experience.</div>
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Joining Google R&D<br />I did not want to pursue PhD as I wanted my parents to take rest now.</div>
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<span style="color: red;">Morgan Stanley </span>selected me first but I preferred Google because I wanted to work in pure computer science, algorithms and game theory.</div>
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I am lucky<br />Do you know why I say I am lucky?</div>
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I get help from total strangers without me asking for it. Once after my second year at IIT, I with some of my friends was travelling in a train for a conference. We met a kind gentleman called Sundar in the train, and he has been taking care of my hostel fees from then on.</div>
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I have to mention about Jaipur foot. I had Jaipur foot when I was in 3rd standard. After two years, I stopped using them. As I had almost no stems on my legs, it was very tough to tie them to the body. I found walking with Jaipur foot very, very slow. Sitting also was a problem. I found my tricycle faster because I am one guy who wants to do things faster.</div>
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One great thing about the hospital is, they don't think their role ends by just fixing the Jaipur foot; they arrange for livelihood for all. They asked me what help I needed from them. I told them at that time, if I got into an IIT, I needed financial help from them. So, from the day I joined IIT, Madras, my fees were taken care of by them. So, my education at the IIT was never a burden on my parents and they could take care of my sister's Nursing studies.</div>
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Surprise awaited me at IIT<br />After my first year, when I went home, two things happened here at the Institute without my knowledge.</div>
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I got a letter from my department that they had arranged a lift and ramps at the department for me. It also said that if I came a bit early and checked whether it met with my requirements, it would be good.</div>
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Second surprise was, the Dean, Prof Idichandy and the Students General Secretary, Prasad had located a place that sold powered wheel chairs. The cost was Rs 55,000. What they did was, they did not buy the wheel chair; they gave me the money so that the wheel chair belonged to me and not the institute.</div>
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My life changed after that. I felt free and independent.</div>
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That's why I say I am lucky. God has planned things for me and takes care of me at every step.</div>
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The world is full of good people<span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 10pt;"><br />I also feel if you are motivated and show some initiative, people around you will always help you. I also feel there are more good people in society than bad ones. I want all those who read this to feel that if Naresh can achieve something in life, you can too.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-20710053574347543422013-08-02T01:58:00.001-07:002013-08-02T01:58:25.478-07:00Cable bridge in China used for travelling purpose of School Student<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Cable bridge in China:</b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px;"> Though this is very old news (20</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px;">07) but I can't help myself grabbing this opportunity to show the situation. In order to get to school, every day 500 students in a village of Yunnan, southwestern China have to fasten themselves to the cable with a metal carabiner and a rope and slide across the 200 metre wide canyon.</span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px;">A bridge is to be built in this Chinese village where children are forced to cross a raging torrent on a steel cable to get to school. Nearly 500 children, from Maji village in Fugong town, Yunnan province, cross the most dangerous stretch of the Nujiang River each day.</span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px;">They fasten themselves to the cable with a metal carabiner and a rope and slide across the 200 metre wide canyon.</span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px;">The youngest pupil, A Qia, 4, has to go over by herself each day. The villagers say that usually four-year-old children are taken by their parents, and begin to go by themselves from the age of five. </span><b style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.90625px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A Pu, five, still remember his feeling when he was stuck in the middle of the cable for nearly 20 minutes once.</b><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-45199616540670746612013-07-07T22:52:00.001-07:002013-07-07T23:11:54.946-07:00Research topic for Final year student of M.E. in Network SecurityHello Guys<br />
<br />
Today, I m going to write some topic regarding Final year Dissertation topic in network Security for the student of M.E. in C.E. branch specialization for network security.<br />
<br />
Some topics are:-<br />
<br />
1. IPv6 Security<br />
2. ATM hacking<br />
3. Android exploitation<br />
4. 0 Day attack<br />
5. Ext4 file system Security<br />
6. Windows 2012 Security<br />
7. Android hacking<br />
8. NTFS security<br />
<br />
<br />
I will update some topic in future.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-79608831147864744842013-05-02T03:14:00.000-07:002013-05-02T03:14:29.158-07:00Fasttrack in BacktrackHow to use Fasttrack in Backtrack :-<br />
<br />
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
Start Fasttrack in web-gui mode from Backtrack menu.</div>
Go to browser. </div>
Type:- <a href="http://127.0.0.1:44444/" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:44444</a><br /></div>
Click on Mass-client attack. </div>
Enter detail about victim machine.[IP address]</div>
Click on Launch.</div>
Press h for help. than press 'p' for enable plugin.</div>
You can see some option like arp_cop, repoisson_arp,scan_poisoner etc....<br />
</div>
Use it as per instruction.<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-54334327208422589752013-04-11T02:16:00.001-07:002013-04-11T06:26:39.532-07:00Skills needed for Pen test<b>Best of Luck. </b><br />
<br />
From<br />
Bhadreshsinh Gohil<br />
<a href="http://about.me/bhadu.gohil" target="_blank">About ME</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Hello All<br />
<br />
What is the point should be remember to become a good pen tester.<br />
<br />
<b>1. Mastery of an operating system.</b><br />
I can’t stress how important it is.
So many people want to become hackers or systems security experts,
without actually knowing the systems they’re supposed to be hacking or
securing. It’s common knowledge that once you’re on a target/victim,
you need to somewhat put on the hat of a sysadmin. After all, having
root means nothing if you don’t know what to do with root. How can you
cover your tracks if you don’t even know where you’ve left tracks? If
you don’t know the OS in detail, how can you possibly know everywhere
things are logged?<br />
<br />
<b>2. Good knowledge of networking and network protocols.</b><br />
Being able to
list the OSI model DOES NOT qualify as knowing networking and network
protocols. You must know TCP in and out. Not just that it stands for
Transmission Control Protocol, but actually know that structure of the
packet, know what’s in it, know how it works in detail. A good place to
start is TCP/IP Illustrated by W. Richard Stevens (either edition
works). Know the difference between TCP and UDP. Understand routing,
be able to in detail describe how a packet gets from one place to
another. Know how DNS works, and know it in detail. Understand ARP,
how it’s used, why it’s used. Understand DHCP. What’s the process for
getting an automatic IP address? What happens when you plug in? What
type of traffic does your NIC generate when it’s plugged in and tries to
get an automatically assigned address? Is it layer 2 traffic? Layer 3
traffic? <br />
<br />
3. If you don’t understand the things in item 2, then you can’t possibly
understand how an ARP Spoof or a MiTM attack actually works. In short
how can you violate or manipulate a process, if you don’t even know how
the process works, or worse, you don’t even know the process exists!
Which brings me to the next point. In general you should be curious as
to how things work.<br />
<br />
<b>4. Learn some basic scripting.</b> Start with something simple like vbs or Bash.<br />
<br />
<b>5. Get yourself a basic firewall, and learn how to configure it to
block/allow only what you want.</b><br />
Then practice defeating it. You can
find cheap used routers and firewalls on ebay, or maybe ask your company
for old ones. Start with simple ACL’s on a router. Learn how to scan
past them using basic IP spoofing and other simple techniques. There’s
not better way to understand these concepts than to apply them. Once
you’re mastered this, you can move to a PIX, or ASA and start the
process over again. Start experimenting with trying to push Unicode
through it, and other attacks. Spend time on this site and other places
to find info on doing these things. Really the point is to learn to do
them.<br />
<br />
<b>6. Know some forensics!</b><br />
This will only make you better at covering your tracks. The implications should be obvious.<br />
<br />
<b>7. Eventually learn a programming language, then learn a few more.</b>
Don’t go and by a “How to program in C” book or anything like that.
Figure out something you want to automate, or think of something simple
you’d like to create. For example, a small port scanner. Grab a few
other port scanners (like nmap), look at the source code, see if you can
figure any of it out.<br />
<br />
<b>8. Have a desire and drive to learn new stuff.</b><br />
This is a must; It’s
probably more important than everything else listed here. You need to
be willing to put in some of your own time (time you’re not getting paid
for), to really get a handle on things and stay up to date.<br />
<br />
<b>9. Learn a little about databases, and how they work.</b> Go download
mysql, read some of the tutorials on how to create simple sample
databases. I’m not saying you need to be a DB expert, but knowing the
basic constructs help.<br />
<br />
10. Always be willing to interact and share your knowledge with like minded professionals and other smart people.<br />
<br />
<br />
Download Backtrack4, or another Linux distro of your choice. First
read some tutorials on using Backtrack to do some basic stuff. Since you
said you have no technical skills, start with the basics. For example
learn how to get an ip address in Linux/Backtrack4. Learn how to set a
static ip address (one you assign). <br />
Next get yourself VMware or some virtualization solution. Install
Windows 2003, 2008, and XP and 7. Just installing these will teach you
some things and you’ll start to get more comfortable just from doing it.
As a matter of fact, install them all two or three times. <br />
Learn how to do basic things in each. Like create user accounts, give
permissions to users, lock user accounts, change ip address and network
settings.<br />
Next learn how to network your Windows machines to each other. Create
some shares, store data there, move data from one to the other. Then
move on to networking your Linux stuff with your Windows stuff. After
you’ve got this all working, start reading up on how and why it works.
After you’ve got some good theoretical knowledge on how it works,
download wireshark, and tcpdump, for both Windows and Linux. Start
studying the traffic between all the machines. First, study traffic of
you transferring files and other activities. Then study the traffic that
is generated even when the machines are not actually transferring data.
<br />
Once you’ve done all the above things, and understand most of what
you’ve done, you should be feeling comfortable with networking in
general/basics and have a working knowledge of the operating systems
from at the very least a power user/desktop admin standpoint. <br />
After this you’re ready to start delving into security a little bit.
Go back to where you started with Backtrack4. By now you should be a lot
more comfortable with it. Start learning how to use things like Nmap
and other scanners. For example, if you set up a web server, scan it and
prove it’s a web server. From Linux type the command man nmap. Read the
ENTIRE man page. After reading, make yourself some notes of the things
that really interest you. Now run nmap using EVERY option listed in the
man page. Study it’s output, revisit man again to remind yourself of
what a particular scan type is doing and what certain options are.<br />
Next, start reading about vulnerabilities. Some of it won’t make
sense yet, but that’s OK. After spending no less than 20 hours total
reading about vulnerabilities (doesn’t matter how you stretch the 20
hours out), go back to Backtrack and learn how to exploit one of your
unpatched Windows machines. Get a shell. Pat yourself on the back. Then
ask yourself, “Now that I have a shell, what can I do with it?” Stop
where you are and spend about 20 more hours learning how to do
everything you’ve learned about Windows from the command line. Once
you’ve done that, come back and exploit that target again. You should
now be able to do some pretty decent stuff with that shell you’ve
gained.<br />
Your next move is find a rootkit and a trojan. Just one of each that
you can spend some time mastering. Once you know how to use them, start
planting them (via your exploited command shell only) on the compromised
targets you’re practicing with. <br />
At this point start playing with Perl, Python and Bash scripting to
try and automate all the great stuff you’ve learned how to do via
command line. This part will be painful at first, but it’ll get
easier…trust me. <br />
Start researching anti-virus/ids/firewall evasion techniques.<br />
Apply everything else you’ve learned with these evasion techniques.
Don’t worry about paying too much attention to “thinking like a hacker”
because as you progress with the things I’m outlining, that will come
naturally. You’ll find that part of thinking like a hacker is being able
to think like the victim who’s system you just compromised (which means
you’ll know their every move before they make it). <br />
Then move to learning how to cover your tracks, getting rid of logs,
skewing time stamps, modifying logs, etc. Then learn how to do it
elegantly and non-destructively.<br />
Eventually move to more advanced things like >learning some
coding>discovering your own vulnerabilites>writing your own
exploits.<br />
Now let me say this. You can devote the next couple of years of a lot
of your free time doing these things and you can pretty much Google
“how to ‘whatever-i-said-learn-above’” and find it all. <br />
OR………<br />
We can teach it all to you. Here’s a class path I recommend for you.<br />
1. A+ Class<br />
2. Network+ class<br />
3. Security+<br />
4. MCITP track for Server Admin<br />
5. CCNA<br />
6. CCNP<br />
7. Ethical Hacking<br />
8. Advanced Ethical Hacking<br />
9. Computer Forensics (you need to know what they’ll look for and how
they are going to look for it to truly understand covering your tracks)<br />
10. Coding for IT Security Professionals<br />
11. Intro to Reverse Engineering<br />
12. Reverse Engineering<br />
13. Advanced Reverse Engineering<br />
14. Malware Analysis<br />
Understand that our classes are EXTREMELY hands on and lab based.
You’ll be led by myself or another seasoned instructor who practices
security for a living. I think our testimonials and evals speak for
that.<br />
It’ll really boil down to a few questions.<br />
How much time do you have to invest?<br />
How much money do you have to invest?<br />
How much money will your future/current employer be willing to invest?
(people are surprised at how often employers are actually willing to pay
for this type of training, you have to ask and even ask in your
interviews).<br />
How serious are you and how much do you like security?<br />
Answer these questions and you should be able to come up with what
your plan of attack is. For some it works better if they just go the
all-out class route to get started. Others just Google it all. It takes
much longer, but it works for some. And most do a combination of taking
classes and self teaching via Google and articles like this. <br />
Hope this helps you and others. <br />
Good day<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-65490339796096735572013-04-08T23:17:00.002-07:002013-04-15T00:22:55.518-07:00Linux Practical Hello Friends<br />
<br />
There are lots of things to do with Linux which can be useful while you are going for interview of Linux Admin or system admin.<br />
<br />
Some basic question should be asked during your interview.<br />
<br />
So you have to do lots of stuff for that.<br />
<br />
So lets start the list of question should be asked during interview.<br />
<br />
1. Tell me your back ground about your education and professional level.<br />
2. Tell me the Linux Booting process.<br />
3. How to increase the root partition in linux?<br />
4. How to increase the size of /opt partition?<br />
5. How to take backup using DD command.<br />
6. what is rsysnc???<br />
7. How to use LVM??<br />
8. Tell me about dmesg??<br />
9. Tell me different option of netstat??<br />
10. How to manage packages??<br />
11. How to mount NFS?<br />
12. How to use squid?<br />
13. What is the use of swap space?<br />
14. How to configure snort?<br />
15. Expalin tftpboot to install linux in network?<br />
16. How to block IP address using iptables?<br />
<br />
<br />
Some Points to become a good Linu admin or System Admin<br />
<br />
1. Backupp everything and validate this backup.<br />
2. Mastering the command line. [ Do not use GUI]<br />
3. Automate Evrything [ Learn Scripting]<br />
4. <br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-69998304178325122152013-03-11T03:24:00.000-07:002013-05-02T02:56:47.458-07:00Back track 5R3Hello Guys<br />
<br />
From last couple of days I was using BT5R3 Linux as my host machine. And I found that its very fantastic OS for Pen test.<br />
<br />
I m sharing some of latest tool which is used for pen test.<br />
This has been a great experience for me.<br />
<br />
BT5r3 was released on August 2012.<br />
Some tools added into this OS is mobile penetration testing, GUI based wifi-tools, and some physical exploitation.<br />
<br />
List of new tools introduced in BT5r3 :-<br />
<br />
dnamp<br />
websploit<br />
wifite<br />
dhcpig<br />
smart-phone-pentest<br />
fern-wifi-cracker<br />
powersploit<br />
apktool<br />
android-sdk<br />
urlcrazy<br />
web-handler<br />
jigsaw, etc....<br />
<br />
Lots of tools has been added into this new version.<br />
<br />
I used many of this tools and discuss some out of them.<br />
<br />
<b>Fem-Wifi-cracker :- </b><br />
<br />
This tool is written in python which provides GUI interface for cracking wireless network. Generally, you need to run some command to do this like airplay-ng, airodump-ng, aircrack-ng for cracking wireless network. but this tool provide you GUI base environment to crack the wireless network.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-52849770066395612782013-03-10T22:46:00.001-07:002013-04-15T22:14:51.425-07:00My Favorites<b>My Favorites </b><br />
*******************************************************************<br />
<br />
<b>Favorites Hero and Heroine :- </b><br />
My Parents. Love u mummy and Papa.<br />
<br />
<br />
*******************************************************************<b> </b><br />
<b>My favorite Songs :-</b><br />
-- <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*********************************************************************<br />
<b>Favorites Serial :- </b><br />
-- Bade Acche Lagte hai....<br />
-- Kya hua tera vada...<br />
-- Devon k dev mahadev<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*********************************************************************<br />
<b>Favourite Quate :- </b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">-- <span class=" mnp-result-broadcast-text" data-lines="4" data-max-lines="4"><span>"When
you wait for someone for a few minutes, its you "NEED". for a few
hours, its your "TRUST". For few weeks, its your "FRIENDSHIP" But when
you wait ever though you know they won't come its "TRUE LOVE"</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b>-- "Love has nothing to do with what you are expecting to get - only with what you are expecting to give - which is everything."</b><br />
<b>
</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">-- Jab sapne tut te hai tab Jindgi ki shuruaat hoti hai....</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">Strange but true....</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: magenta;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: small;">-- "Every Problem in life has a gift inside...So don't get upset when you face problem.. It may have more beautiful ending than your expectation..." </span></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">-- "Everyone says you only fall in love once, but that's not true because ever time i see you I fall in LOVE all over again.." </span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-69856119427187294962013-03-10T20:54:00.001-07:002013-04-16T08:14:48.535-07:00Script for Mid sem Review<br />
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Good morning sir and
all
</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
My self Bhadreshsinh
Gohil Enrollment number is 111060751030.
</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
I m going to present my
thesis on Federated Network Security Administration Framework.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
My guide is Dr.
Sandeep K. Joshi, Rishi K. Pathak, Swarup sir from C-DAC, Pune.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
I m stating my speech
with Introduction of Web application.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now a days Web
applications are the heart of all business. We can see that most
of the business in the world are depend on web. All the field in the
world connected with some web application like hospital, government
web site, all businesses, banks, education, Multi national
corporation, ISP, Defenses.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
So we can says that web
application is the heart of all the field.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
But due to increase of
internet into this world. Now a days security is the major concerns
for this all web sites which is public ally hosted.
</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now I m going to show
you last year web attack on web site.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Attacks in 2012.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
I m going fast in this
attacks because of time limit.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The first news is FB
helps FBI shut down Butter fly botnet.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Next one is Yahoo mail
haijacking explits. Next one......</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
So this all are the
latest attack which was occurred in 2012.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
For this reason hosting
a web application into public zone it is very risky. To resolve this
risk, It is good to develop one framework to remove all this
vulnerability and than hosting this web application into public
zone[DMZ zone].<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 23.33333396911621px; text-indent: 0.5in;">The proposed system is designed for finding vulnerability into web application using OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project).</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
This is my objective of
thesis.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now I m going to show
you Literature survey of this thesis.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
This all are my
references.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
And This is my
acknowledgment to my guide for help me during this semester.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Thank you.</div>
<div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Any question ???</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-2025623541003422032013-03-07T00:46:00.004-08:002013-04-16T08:44:44.559-07:00report for DP 2Hi<br />
<br />
<b>This section contain my report skelton and presentation for my Dissertation.</b><br />
<br />
Exam related :-<br />
<br />
Students should present :<br />
Concise Literature Review<br />
Justification for their topic<br />
Objective and Scope<br />
Previous Review comments<br />
Work Done; Results; conclusions if any<br />
PhD students: Work Plan; ME Students: Submission plan<br />
Presentation time per student : 15 min. & Question Answer time : 10 min<br />
<br />
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>Title page :- </b><br />
Federated Network Security Administration Framework<br />
<br />
<b>Certificate :-</b><br />
<br />
<b>Industry Certificate :-</b><br />
<br />
<b>Declaration :-</b><br />
<!--StartFragment-->:<!--EndFragment--><br />
<br />
<b>Dedicated to :- My parents</b><br />
<br />
<b>Acknowledgments :-</b><br />
<br />
<b>Table of content :- </b><br />
<br />
<b>Abstract :-</b><br />
<br />
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<div style="text-indent: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0.5in;">In today’s world, Internet is now ubiquitous. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Internet-based
services touch all aspects of our daily life in modern society. </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: small; text-indent: 0.5in;"></span></span><span style="line-height: 23.33333396911621px; text-indent: 0.5in;">Since the Internet and World Wide Web enabled an </span><span style="line-height: 23.33333396911621px;">information explosion, security issues of websites that publish the </span><span style="line-height: 23.33333396911621px; text-indent: 0.5in;">online information become more and more crucial. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"> So As per above motivation of hosting a website in </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">Public
IPs resulted in implementation of security devices and controls like firewalls,
routers etc. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">To resolve this security issue, it is proposed to build a framework which contain vulnerability assessment of web application and after fixing all this vulnerability, this web service ready to host into public environment. This thesis presents the process of how to put web application into secure zone means put website into DMZ after fixing all vulnerability.The proposed system is designed for finding vulnerability into web application using OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div>
Introduction :-<br />
-- Chapter overview<br />
-- Defination and abbreviations<br />
-- Research motivation<br />
-- Overview of research model<br />
-- Overview of research approach<br />
INPUT >>> PROCESS >> OUTPUT<br />
-- Outline of thesis chapters<br />
<br />
Chapter Chapters Chapter Outline<br />
<br />
<br />
No.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Litrature survey :-</b><br />
<br />
<b>Analysis :-</b><br />
-- OWASP Top 10 vulnerability for 2013<br />
--<br />
<br />
<b>Project Planning :-</b><br />
-- Project scheduling<br />
Table :-<br />
ID Task Duration Start End<br />
1 Preparing Problem statement 17 Sep 2012 | 22 Sep 2012<br />
2 Understanding general requirement 24 Sep 2012 | 6 Oct 2012 <br />
3 Meeting with guide 8 Oct 2012 | 13 Oct 2012 <br />
4 Literature Review 15 Oct 2012 | 1 Nov 2012 <br />
5 Implementation 5 Nov 2012 | 5 Feb 2013 <br />
6 Testing 6 Feb 2013 | 30 March 2013 <br />
7 Writing project report 1 April 2013 | 25 April 2013 <br />
8 Preparing Presentation 26 April 2013 | 10 May 2013 <br />
<br />
-- Project Plan<br />
-- Refining the Project<br />
-- Controlling the project<br />
-- Project Diary<br />
--<br />
<br />
<b>Project management :-</b><br />
<br />
<b>Implementation strategy :-</b><br />
-- Implemantation tools and Environement<br />
-- Customization<br />
-- Work flow<br />
-- Testing<br />
<br />
<b>Methodology and Proposed system :-</b><br />
-- Overview<br />
-- Project Scheduling - Gantt chart [ First Draft]<br />
-- Project Scheduling - Gantt chart [ Revised]<br />
-- Project Scheduling - Gantt chart [ Showing task's progress]<br />
-- Project Scheduling - Gantt chart [ with milestone]<br />
-- Use Case Sample [ Diagram ]<br />
-- Use Case Model [ Sample 1]<br />
-- Testing process Activity diagram<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Tables</b><br />
-- Project Prioritization Template<br />
-- Project Prioritization Sample<br />
-- Project Scheduling - Bottom up - First attempt<br />
-- Project scheduling - bottom up - continued<br />
-- Chosing a method<br />
-- Choosing a implementation tool<br />
-- Test case sample<br />
<br />
<br />
Exploit diagram :-<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhulmkiOUapScMOgMsn8b0wMbldiRnIqAwqq9ghr3y_l9aj4BYzq3y4KcoknB6el6B7BS3HQT7Xr8_UCZpMXoJJDfe8wXXTdzRwJIzm3AYYUU_IT8mG9RgRE5UIbf7cdAtItZcClAMd9dcV/s1600/Exploitation.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhulmkiOUapScMOgMsn8b0wMbldiRnIqAwqq9ghr3y_l9aj4BYzq3y4KcoknB6el6B7BS3HQT7Xr8_UCZpMXoJJDfe8wXXTdzRwJIzm3AYYUU_IT8mG9RgRE5UIbf7cdAtItZcClAMd9dcV/s1600/Exploitation.png" height="640" width="470" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions :-</b><br />
<br />
<b>References :- </b><br />
<br />
<b>Appendix A :- </b><br />
<br />
<b>Appendix B :- </b><br />
<br />
<a href="http://ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/March2013/V2I3201315.pdf">http://ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/March2013/V2I3201315.pdf</a> :- Published paper in jounals.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><b>Rough work :-</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><b>Steps for making Gantt chart :-</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- understanding the problem area</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Litrature review</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Requirements managements</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Analysis </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Design</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Implementation</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Test</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Project report</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">- Presentation</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<b>Scanning tools :-</b><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Netsparker, SQLMap, Nikto, Burp suit, NMAP, NESSUS, Metasploit, OpenVAS, OSSIM, NTO objective,W3af[web application attack and audit framework], IBM app ratinal scan, Pantera, Wikto, Retina, Microsoft base analyzer, SAINT, hack alert, </span><br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Abstract from IEEE :- </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">This paper first investigates and analyzes security holes concerning the use of server-side includes (SSI) in some of the most used Web server software packages. We show that, by exploiting features of SSI, one could seriously compromise Web server security. For example, we demonstrate how users can gain access to information they are not supposed to see, and how attackers can crash a Web server computer by having an HTML file execute a simple program. Such attacks can be made with no trace left behind. We have successfully carried out all the attacks described in this paper on dummy servers we set up for this investigation. We then suggest several practical security measures to prevent a Web server from such attacks</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Today's combat zone for both ethical and unethical hackers is the web. Rapid growth of web sites and web applications gives way to deliver complex business applications through the web. As the web dependency increases, so do the web hacking activities. Web applications are normally written in scripting languages like JavaScript, PHP embedded in HTML allowing connectivity to the databases, retrieving data and putting them in the WWW site. A web application is vulnerable to many kinds of threats and attacks. In order to detect known attacks, some set of attack rules and detections are needed. In this paper, a negative security model based on misuse of web applications is used. This negative security model provides a Web Application Firewall(WAF) engine with a rule set, to ensure critical protection across every web architecture. WAFs are deployed to establish an increased external security layer to detect and/or prevent attacks before they reach web applications. This paper has been tested with apache web server's log file. We have tested successfully almost all the common attacks. This paper also allows for HTTP traffic monitoring and real-time analysis with little or no changes to existing infrastructure.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Web servers are ubiquitous, remotely accessible, and often misconfigured. In addition, custom Web-based applications may introduce vulnerabilities that are overlooked even by the most security-conscious server administrators. Consequently, Web servers are a popular target for hackers. To mitigate the security exposure associated with Web servers, intrusion detection systems are deployed to analyze and screen incoming requests. The goal is to perform early detection of malicious activity and possibly prevent more serious damage to the protected site. Even though intrusion detection is critical for the security of Web servers, the intrusion detection systems available today only perform very simple analyses and are often vulnerable to simple evasion techniques. In addition, most systems do not provide sophisticated attack languages that allow a system administrator to specify custom, complex attack scenarios to be detected. We present WebSTAT, an intrusion detection system that analyzes Web requests looking for evidence of malicious behavior. The system is novel in several ways. First of all, it provides a sophisticated language to describe multistep attacks in terms of states and transitions. In addition, the modular nature of the system supports the integrated analysis of network traffic sent to the server host, operating system-level audit data produced by the server host, and the access logs produced by the Web server. By correlating different streams of events, it is possible to achieve more effective detection of Web-based attacks.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://projects.webappsec.org/">http://projects.webappsec.org</a> :- references for web application security.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Digital forensics is the science of identifying, extracting, analyzing and presenting the digital evidence that has been stored in the digital devices. Various digital tools and techniques are being used to achieve this. Our paper explains forensic analysis steps in the storage media, hidden data analysis in the file system, network forensic methods and cyber crime data mining. This paper proposes a new tool which is the combination of digital forensic investigation and crime data mining. The proposed system is designed for finding motive, pattern of cyber attacks and counts of attacks types happened during a period. Hence the proposed tool enables the system administrators to minimize the system vulnerability."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span>
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<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, FreeSans, 'Liberation Sans', Helmet, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-19516694879609363302013-03-07T00:46:00.002-08:002013-07-28T22:29:48.746-07:00Important website<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://about.me/bhadu.gohil">http://about.me/bhadu.gohil</a><br />
*******************************************************<br />
<a href="https://code.google.com/p/pentest-bookmarks/wiki/BookmarksList">https://code.google.com/p/pentest-bookmarks/wiki/BookmarksList</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://learninglinuxkernel.in/">http://learninglinuxkernel.in/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/">http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/">http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.youtubetopmovie.com/">http://www.youtubetopmovie.com</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://viooz.co/">http://viooz.co/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://bhushan.quora.com/50-Top-Sources-Of-Free-eLearning-Courses">http://bhushan.quora.com/50-Top-Sources-Of-Free-eLearning-Courses</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://learninglinuxkernel.in/">http://learninglinuxkernel.in/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/lkmpg.html#AEN189">http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/lkmpg.html#AEN189</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/">http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://anaturb.net/C/string_exapm.htm">http://anaturb.net/C/string_exapm.htm</a> :-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.og150.com/tutorials.php">http://www.og150.com/tutorials.php</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.udemy.com/ccna-boot-camp/">https://www.udemy.com/ccna-boot-camp/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-torrent.html">https://www.defcon.org/html/links/dc-torrent.html</a> :-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/2013-first-quarter-zero-day-vulnerabilities" target="_blank">http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/2013-first-quarter-zero-day-vulnerabilities</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.hackersonlineclub.com/" target="_blank">http://www.hackersonlineclub.com/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.svpublishers.co.uk/" target="_blank">http://www.svpublishers.co.uk/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.1337day.com/" target="_blank">http://www.1337day.com/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://bitcyber.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/the-internet-security-threat-report-2013/" target="_blank">http://bitcyber.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/the-internet-security-threat-report-2013/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.cppinstitute.org/" target="_blank">http://www.cppinstitute.org/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://hackmiami.com/" target="_blank">https://hackmiami.com/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.gyaanexchange.com/" target="_blank">http://www.gyaanexchange.com/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.gyaanexchange.com/offline/new-delhi/technology/development/python-course/" target="_blank">http://www.gyaanexchange.com/offline/new-delhi/technology/development/python-course/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english3e/" target="_blank">http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english3e/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://vsphere-land.com/tag/security" target="_blank">http://vsphere-land.com/tag/security :-</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.athcon.org/archive.php" target="_blank">http://www.athcon.org/archive.php</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.infosecinstitute.com/" target="_blank">http://www.infosecinstitute.com/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.shodanhq.com/" target="_blank">http://www.shodanhq.com</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.techgig.com/" target="_blank">http://www.techgig.com/</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/" target="_blank">http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com</a> :-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.coresecurity.com/grid/index-corelabs-projects" target="_blank">http://www.coresecurity.com/grid/index-corelabs-projects</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.leettips.org/2013/02/top-10-free-python-pdf-ebooks-download.html" target="_blank">http://www.leettips.org/2013/02/top-10-free-python-pdf-ebooks-download.html</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<a href="http://hacksys.vfreaks.com/research/shellcode-of-death.html" target="_blank">hacksys.vfreaks.com/research/shellcode-of-death.html</a> :-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://soldierx.com/" target="_blank">http://soldierx.com/</a> :-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.apress.com/" target="_blank">http://www.apress.com/</a> :- for books.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://labs.securitycompass.com/" target="_blank">http://labs.securitycompass.com</a> :- </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.hacking-lab.com/caselist/">https://www.hacking-lab.com/caselist/</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.crypt.gen.nz/papers/infosec_guides.html" target="_blank">http://www.crypt.gen.nz/papers/infosec_guides.html</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.filmhill.com/" target="_blank">http://www.filmhill.com/</a> :- for movies.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.osalt.com/" target="_blank">http://www.osalt.com/</a> :- </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://gns3vault.com/" target="_blank">http://gns3vault.com</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.isecom.org/">http://www.isecom.org</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/">http://resources.infosecinstitute.com</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.ijceronline.com/">http://www.ijceronline.com/</a> :- For paper submision.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.ijoart.org/">http://www.ijoart.org</a> :- paper submussion</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://seternity.com/">http://seternity.com/</a> :- Blog for linux kernel.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.linuxforu.com/">http://www.linuxforu.com</a> :- Magazines.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://wordpress.com/">http://wordpress.com</a> :- For posting blogs.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.ijcsmc.com/">http://www.ijcsmc.com</a> :- international journal for paper.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.trustwave.com/sae_sample/owasp-top-10/CourseFiles/Player.htm">https://www.trustwave.com/sae_sample/owasp-top-10/CourseFiles/Player.htm</a> :- OWASP video for learning.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.trustwave.com/sae_sample/owasp-top-10/Start.htm">https://www.trustwave.com/sae_sample/owasp-top-10/Start.htm</a> :- OWASP video.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://pentestlab.wordpress.com/">http://pentestlab.wordpress.com/</a> :- Pen test lab.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/">http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/</a> :- latest tutorial used for practical purpose.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/backtrack-5-r3-walkthrough-part-2/">http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/backtrack-5-r3-walkthrough-part-2/</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://searching-eye.com./">http://searching-eye.com./</a> :- IIT student web site.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.chmag.in/article/mar2013/ironwasp-series-part-%E2%80%93-1">http://www.chmag.in/article/mar2013/ironwasp-series-part-%E2%80%93-1</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://pentesterlab.com/web_for_pentester.html">https://pentesterlab.com/web_for_pentester.html</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.upsc.gov.in/questionpaper/2012.htm :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.techzoom.net/publications/0-day-patch/index.en :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <a href="http://johnny.ihackstuff.com/">http://johnny.ihackstuff.com/</a> :- </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.exploit-db.com/webapps/">http://www.exploit-db.com/webapps/</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/">https://www.us-cert.gov</a> :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.muppetlabs.com/~breadbox/txt/rsa.html</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This website is used for :-</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: -webkit-center;">Prime Number Hide-and-Seek: How the RSA Cipher Works</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://emkei.cz/</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;">This is used for send fake e-mail to anyone from any e-mail ID</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.pentest-standard.org/index.php/PTES_Technical_Guidelines :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://www.anobii.com :- this website is used for e-book searching. :-</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://pentestlab.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/detecting-web-application-firewalls/ :- used for detecting web application firewall.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.oissg.org/issaf :- <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">The Information Systems Security Assessment Framework (ISSAF)</span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<br />
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/python-scripts-replacement-bash-utility-scripts">http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/python-scripts-replacement-bash-utility-scripts</a> :-<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.coursera.org/course/sdn">https://www.coursera.org/course/sdn</a> :- learning video.<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.windowsecurity.com/">http://www.windowsecurity.com</a> :- for windows security.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.windowsnetworking.com/">http://www.windowsnetworking.com/</a> :- For windows networking.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.virtualizationadmin.com/">http://www.virtualizationadmin.com/</a> :- for virtualization.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.msexchange.org/">http://www.msexchange.org/</a> :- Microsoft exchange server.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://securitytube-training.com/">http://securitytube-training.com</a> :- For security trainig.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://yehg.net/">http://yehg.net/</a> :- Security research group.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.scmagazine.com.au/News/329525,pen-tester-launches-infosec-bootcamp.aspx" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif;" target="_blank">http://www.scmagazine.com.au/<wbr></wbr>News/329525,pen-tester-<wbr></wbr>launches-infosec-bootcamp.aspx</a></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Visit: <a href="https://pentesterlab.com/bootcamp/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">https://pentesterlab.com/<wbr></wbr>bootcamp/</a></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://pentesterlab.com/exercises" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">https://pentesterlab.com/<wbr></wbr>exercises</a></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.coursera.org/courses">https://www.coursera.org/courses</a> :- online university.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cyfor.isis.poly.edu/">http://cyfor.isis.poly.edu</a> :- learning for all hacking stuff.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">https://www.brighttalk.com :- Bright talk for web seminar.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://labs.alienvault.com/labs/index.php/2007/tutorial-3-first-recommended-steps-after-installation/">http://labs.alienvault.com/labs/index.php/2007/tutorial-3-first-recommended-steps-after-installation/</a> :- OSSIM doc.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.certificationking.com/">http://www.certificationking.com/</a> :- for all doc.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://www.manvswebapp.com/ :- </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">mAN VS WEB.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://www.visatvs.in :- used for showing live tv.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">http://live-online-tv.net :- for live tv.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">http://www.hackthissite.org/pages/index/index.php :- Training for hackers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz :- view from one hacker.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://www.alienvault.com/AV1/solutions/unified-security-management-platform/index.html :- used for uni</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">http://jobs.nullcon.net/ :- searching for jobs in security filed.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">http://www.websoleducation.com/ :- </span><span style="background-color: #ebebeb; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30px;">Websol Education provides professional training for ASP.NET, VB.NET, C#.NET, SQL on live projects.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">http://cocss.svitvasad.ac.in/index.html :- SVIT,Vasad for paper publication in Master.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">https://www.corelan.be<br /><br />https://www.virustotal.com/en/<br /><br />http://www.desirulez.net/</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">https://github.com/ikotler/pythonect/wiki/Pythonect-Tutorial:-Learn-By-Example :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">https://pentesterlab.com/exercises :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">http://www.hackersh.org/ :-</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;">http://blackhat.com/us-13/training/ios-application-hacking%E2%80%93pentesting-mobile-apps.html :-</span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 19.2px;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"> </span></span> </div>
<br />
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-75742005063392945322013-02-16T03:47:00.002-08:002013-04-09T23:23:00.295-07:00M.Tech Thesis workHello All<br />
<br />
Work to do :-<br />
<br />
<br />
1. Find the vulnerability into web server using different scanning tools like NESSUS, OpenVAS.<br />
<br />
2. Fix this all vulnerability.<br />
<br />
3. After Fixing this all vulnerability, Ready to host the website.<br />
<br />
4. Put this website into DMZ zone.<br />
<br />
5. Set Router Policy [Using ACL].<br />
<br />
6. Set Firewall Policy [Using NAT] .<br />
<br />
7. Set Gateways Policy [Using IPtables and DNAT].<br />
<br />
8. Attack on web server using different tools like metasploit, fasttrack,etc...<br />
<br />
9. Detect this attack and block this attack[ 0day Attack]<br />
<br />
<br />
Work done by me :-<br />
<br />
Analysis :-<br />
<br />
Web Application Vulnerability :-<br />
-- OWASP top ten 2013<br />
<br />
Scanning Techniques :-<br />
-- NESSUS<br />
-- OpenVAS<br />
-- OSSIM<br />
<br />
Tools used for attacking web server:-<br />
-- Metasploit<br />
-- Fasttrack<br />
<br />
Tools used for detecting Attack :-<br />
-- OSSIM<br />
-- SNORT<br />
<br />
Now the thing is that you have to learn first what is the vulnerability present in web application.<br />
So you need to first understand the web application vulnerability.<br />
<br />
And than you have to learn how to attack on to the web server. and than you have to prevent this attack.<br />
<br />
Your LAB setup is like:-<br />
<br />
1. Backtrack 5 R3 used ad Attacker.<br />
<br />
2. Web application Server. [ Victim machine].<br />
<br />
3. OSSIM. [ Attack Detector]<br />
<br />
Now What u have to do is :-<br />
<br />
Make 3 machine available for your LAB.<br />
Install Backtrack into one PC.<br />
I m using one vulnerable ISO for web application.Install this Live ISO into another PC. This ISO called gameover.<br />
And I have install OSSIM into 3rd PC to detect attack onto web application.<br />
<br />
Now your real work start for finding vulnerability into web server and prevent attack from Hacker.<br />
<br />
To scan a web application, there are lots of tools available online like NESSUS, Websecurity, OpenVAS etc. By using this type of tools you need to scan this web application. And find the possible vulnerability into web application.<br />
<br />
Now you have to do Pen testing on web application.<br />
For that you have to do all the scanning for vulnerability. and than you have to fix it. For example Patching the system, update OS, Update web server etc.<br />
<br />
Now for pen testing on web application, you have to attack on this web application and how you can damage this web application? Find some attack to damage this web application. For this use metasploit or fast track to attack onto web application. or use any other web attack tool for attacking the web server.<br />
<br />
Now what is the possible solution to avoid this attack????<br />
<br />
For this you need some script to prevent this attack onto web application.<br />
<br />
<br />
I m using python scripting language to prevent an attack from hacker. <br />
<br />
Diagram of exploitation :-<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE0NHijMO7tYdcQYJZ6Hn9OSodWAPHRAusRkrD8BW3pxuRVc35aCF0QK7H888p5LYvrKSs-Y4dr2XZGHj59cTexX8yQeshLQpPSUvCEucgs-IKc88KMPT5vBn-kpAHuoS89U4q5Pr0do6a/s1600/Exploitation.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE0NHijMO7tYdcQYJZ6Hn9OSodWAPHRAusRkrD8BW3pxuRVc35aCF0QK7H888p5LYvrKSs-Y4dr2XZGHj59cTexX8yQeshLQpPSUvCEucgs-IKc88KMPT5vBn-kpAHuoS89U4q5Pr0do6a/s1600/Exploitation.png" height="640" width="468" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Now we have Web Application which can b used for attacking.<br />
And also we have attacking tools which is present in backtrack.<br />
<br />
Before attacking on any server first you have to find the vulnerability into system. <br />
For this you need to first gather all the information of server and analyse that how it works.<br />
Some steps:-<br />
<br />
- Information gathering<br />
- Threat Modeling<br />
- Vulnerability Analysis<br />
- Exploitation<br />
- Post Exploitation<br />
- Reporting<br />
<br />
Types of Pen testing :-<br />
- Overt Testing<br />
- Covert Testing<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Today I m going to learn about web application firewall.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Solution As per our requirement into OSSIM :-<br />
1. Vulnerability Assessment using OpenVAS, NESSUS[ Schedule scanning, Schedule network scanning etc....] [ use Vulnerability database...osvdb.com]<br />
2. LDAP integration into OSSIM.<br />
3. NagiOS for Availability Monitoring.<br />
4. NtoP for Traffic monitor into the network.[Also include NFdump,Netflow for monitor cisco]<br />
5. Security Device Event Exchange (SDEE) Protocol [ collect events from Cisco firewall and Router] <br />
6. OCS used for collecting logs from another OS.[used for inventory management]<br />
7. Alaram system for Login failure and success.<br />
8. Windows Event loging by OSSEC and snare. [HIDS]<br />
9. We can write our plug in to avoid attack.<br />
10. Report generation in requred format.<br />
11. E-mail and SMS notification [ iReport and Jasper Server].<br />
12. Detection of Attack [ Host base, Network Based, Wireless IDS]<br />
13.Kismet [ wireless network sniffers]<br />
14. Nmap for port scanner.<br />
15. P0f for OS anomaly detection.<br />
16. Pads for Service anomaly detection.<br />
17. Arpwatch for MAC address anomaly detection.<br />
18. Tcptrack for session monitor [network]<br />
19. Nepenthes [honepot] for detect infected system and malware detection.<br />
20. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-75325716943901223732013-01-16T21:29:00.002-08:002013-04-08T23:17:16.163-07:00Knowledge for LinuxBotting Process in Linux :-<br />
<br />
3 Steps :-<br />
1. BIOS execute a short program that is stored in Master Boot Record [MBR] which is written in assembly language.<br />
2. GRUB Loader [GRand Unified Boot Loader]<br />
<br />
You can understand by following image.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvqxxJ_hQ_DOyySwRmmUH7Z473_W2JYRDLsTEe_7VD_L7NUhVZuy-Te7nx4IHl5yMTYhrusSvAugxN0YMyDRQnHQXiyzVhXvqySTSpOe1gtaoOwHNVWDzoyhNEldMBqC_VZafuDKubrFJs/s1600/linux-boot-process.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvqxxJ_hQ_DOyySwRmmUH7Z473_W2JYRDLsTEe_7VD_L7NUhVZuy-Te7nx4IHl5yMTYhrusSvAugxN0YMyDRQnHQXiyzVhXvqySTSpOe1gtaoOwHNVWDzoyhNEldMBqC_VZafuDKubrFJs/s1600/linux-boot-process.png" height="309" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
How to install google chrome in Backtrack :-<br />
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Perform</span> <span class="hps">steps -</span> <span class="hps">steps</span> <span class="hps">as follows</span>:<br /> <span class="hps">1.</span> <span class="hps">download</span> <span class="hps">chromium</span> <span class="hps">browser</span><br /> <span class="hps">type the</span> <span class="hps">following command</span> <span class="hps">in the termina</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span><br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc;">apt</span><span class="atn" style="background-color: #cccccc;">-</span><span class="" style="background-color: #cccccc;">get install</span><span style="background-color: #cccccc;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc;">chromium</span><span style="background-color: #cccccc;">-browser</span></b></span><br /> <span class="hps">2.</span> <span class="hps">if</span> <span class="hps">chromium is</span> <span class="hps">directly executed</span>, <span class="hps">it will display</span> <span class="hps">an error</span> <span class="hps">because</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">defaut</span> <span class="hps">chromium</span> <span class="hps">should not be run</span> <span class="hps">on</span> <span class="hps">root privileges</span>. <span class="hps">then</span> <span class="hps">do the following</span>:<br /> <span class="hps">3.</span> <span class="hps">go to the folder</span> <span class="hps">of chromium</span><span class="">-browser</span><br /> <span class="hps">type the</span> <span class="hps">following</span> <span class="hps">command</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">terminal</span><br /> <b><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">cd</span><span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">/</span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">usr</span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">/</span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">lib</span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">/</span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">chromium</span><span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">-browser</span></b><br /> <span class="hps">4.</span> <span class="hps">edit the file</span> <span class="hps">using</span> <span class="hps">hexedit</span> <span class="hps">chromium</span><br /> <span class="hps">type the</span> <span class="hps">following</span> <span class="hps">command</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">terminal</span><br /> <b style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">hexedit</span><span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">chromium</span><span class="" style="background-color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;">-browser</span></b><br /> <span class="hps">5.</span> <span class="hps">press</span> <span class="hps">tab to</span> <span class="hps">move to</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">mode</span> <span class="hps">string</span><br /> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">6.</span> <span class="hps">press</span> <span class="hps">ctrl</span> <span class="hps">+ s</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">perform a search</span> <span class="hps">geteuid</span></span></div>
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> <span class="hps">7.</span> <span class="hps">geteuid</span> <span class="hps">change</span> <span class="hps">with</span> <span class="hps">getppid</span><br /> <span class="hps">8.</span> <span class="hps">press</span> <span class="hps">crtl</span> <span class="hps">+ x</span> <span class="hps">to exit</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1884603175315124056.post-88623642288297428022012-12-01T04:10:00.000-08:002013-03-11T06:46:23.647-07:00Federated Network security Administration Portal<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Bhadreshsinh Gohil</b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>ME in Computer Engineering</b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>GTU,</b><b>Ahmedabad.</b></h3>
<a href="http://about.me/bhadu.gohil">http://about.me/bhadu.gohil</a><br />
<b>ME Thesis</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">We have lots of web services provide to customer and this web services have also some website.</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">These are hosted not only in the DMZ in data center but </span>also, for various reasons, on the LAN and mapped with external public IPs using various networking technologies like NAT. This has resulted in implementation of security devices and controls like firewalls etc. at multiple locations<br />
<br />
The web hosting setup and associated network security and networking setup being vast and there being multiple stakeholders in the decision making process, releasing new websites/ web portals to the public internet becomes very intricate, cumbersome and error prone often leading to delays, unsatisfied expectations and ownership of responsibilities issues.</div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">To resolve these issues it is proposed to build a framework</span></b><span style="color: #222222;"> which will streamline the process and also delegate most of the activities to several of designated stakeholders from each group. The framework will enable the users/groups to do most of the work related to public release of the websites/webportals and other network based services on their own with the intervention from the systems administrators or network security experts coming in only towards the final steps, if at all required. </span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222;">The framework will also support different roles.</span><br />
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The proposed framework will be <b>web enabled</b> and available to all groups. It will be built using standard web development technologies<b> like PHP, Java, Javascripts and use databases like mysql/postgresql</b> in the backend. Apart from these the core networking technologies like firewall, router, bandwidth management and security/vulnerability assessment of web applications will be exploited to their maximum capabilities. The framework will require extensive scripting in either bash or python on linux platform to handle several of the backend tasks like implementing policy changes on the security device, enabling virtual hosting on apache server etc.The framework will use<b> OpenAM based Single Sign-On or LDAP</b> for user Authentication and authorization purpose.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10750427712181608984noreply@blogger.com0Pune, Maharashtra, India18.5204303 73.856743718.3999798 73.6988152 18.6408808 74.014672199999993