BE 7th Sem AJT Practical List

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Configuring Different Servers in Linux

Configuring Different Servers in Linux: Quickest Guide

Following servers will be covered

1)      NFS File Server - share files between Linux and Linux machine.

2)      Samba File Server - share files between Windows machine and Linux machine.

3)      Telnet server - log into server and get a command prompt just as if they were logged into the VGA consol.

4)      SSH Server – Same as Telnet. But telnet sends name and password as plain text but ssh send name and password as encrypted data.

5)      FTP Server - We can share file in internet through ftp server.

6)      DNS Server - converts machine names to IP address that all machines on the net have

7)      DHCP Server – dynamically defines ip for its client computer.

8)      Apache Server - to use a Linux system as a web server.

NFS File Server

Creating an NFS file server is a way to share large amounts of data among the users and computers in an organization. We can share files between Linux and Linux machine by NFS file server. An administrator of a Linux system has several things to do to get a NFS working.

Installing NFS server:

We can check nfs is installed or not by following command

# rpm -qa nfs*

If the nfs server is not installed then we have to install it by following command

# rpm -ivh nfs-rpm-file-name

Configuring the /etc/exports file:

We have to give the path of all directories we want to share, the host name or ip we want to give share (* for all host) and permission

/etc/exports file:

/mnt/win_e *(rw)

/home/LinuxSoft/ *(rw)

if we give host name we have to define the ip for host name in /etc/hosts file

Starting NFS Server:

We have to start NFS by

# service nfs start

we can also use

# service nfs restart and #service nfs stop to restart and stop NFS server

Viewing Shared Files in Other Hosts:

To see the shared files in another host we have to use the following command

# showmount -e hostname       or

# showmount -e ipaddress

Mounting and Unmounting Files from other host :

To mount files from other hosts we have to use following command

# mount hostname:/share_dir_name /mount_point

here we can also use ip in place of hostname

After mounting we will file all files in the mount_point where we mounted.

To unmount

# umount  /mount_point

Samba File Server

Samba is software package that lets us share files between Windows machine and Linux machine.

Installing Samba server:

We can check samba is installed or not by following command

# rpm -qa samba*

If the samba server is not installed then we have to install it by following command

# rpm -ivh samba-rpm-file-name

Configuring the /etc/samba/smb.conf file:

We have to configure the following options in /etc/samba/smb.conf file

   workgroup = Rakeb

   server string = rakeb's samba server

   hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127.

   printcap name = /etc/printcap

   load printers = yes

   security = share

Giving Share:

To share any directory we have to configure the following options in /etc/samba/smb.conf file

[LinuxSoft]

    comment = Lalir drive

    path = /home/LinuxSoft

    public = yes

    writable = yes

[Win_e]

    comment = Windows e drive

    path = /mnt/win_e

    public = yes

    writable = yes

here we shared /home/LinuxSoft and /mnt/win_e directories

Starting Samba Server:

We have to start Samba by

# service smb start

we can also use

# service smb restart and #service smb stop to restart and stop samba server

Viewing Shared Files in Other Hosts:

To see the shared files in another host we have to use the following command

# smbclient -L rak_pc

This command will show a list of shared directories of rak_pc, we can also use ip address in place of rak_pc i.e. In place of host name.

Mounting and Unmounting Files from other host :

To mount files from other hosts we have to use following command

# smbmount '//rak_pc/RakebCd' /tmp

After mounting we will file all files in the mount_point where we mounted.

To unmount

# smbumount /tmp

Telnet Server

Telnet is a program that allows users to log into server and get a command

prompt just as if they were logged into the VGA consol.

Configuring /etc/xinetd.d/telnet file:

We need to configure /etc/xinetd.d/telnet file as following

# default: on

# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \

#          unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.

service telnet

{

            flags                = REUSE

            socket_type     = stream       

            wait                 = no

            user                  = root

            server               = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd

            log_on_failure += USERID

            disable             = no

}

Restarting xinetd:

We have to restart xinetd service

# service xinetd restart

Logging in by Telnet:

We have to give the following command

[root@rakebpc root]# telnet 192.168.1.17

Trying 192.168.1.17...

Connected to 192.168.1.17.

Escape character is '^]'.

Red Hat Linux release 9 (Shrike)

Kernel 2.4.20-8 on an i686

login: rakeb

Password:

Last login: Sun May  9 13:08:43 from 192.168.1.17

this is rakeb's pc

[rakeb@rakebpc rakeb]$

Here telnet enables a connection with 192.168.1.17 then we give a user name and password

SSH Server

SSH is same as Telnet. But telnet sends name and password as plain text but ssh send name

and password as encrypted data. We can also login as root by telnet.

Starting ssh server:

[root@rakebpc root]# service sshd start

Loging in unisg SSH:

[root@rakebpc root]# ssh -l rakeb 192.168.1.17

rakeb@192.168.1.17's password:

this is rakeb's pc

[rakeb@rakebpc rakeb]$

FTP Server

FTP is File Transfer Protocol. We can share file in internet through ftp server.

Starting FTP server:

[root@rakebpc root]# service vsftpd start

Logging to the ftp server:

[root@rakebpc root]# ftp 192.168.1.17

Connected to 192.168.1.17 (192.168.1.17).

220 (vsFTPd 1.1.3)

Name (192.168.1.17:root): rakeb

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

230 Login successful. Have fun.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> put

(local-file) /mnt/rakeb.jpg

(remote-file) /home/rakeb/new.jpg

local: /mnt/rakeb.jpg remote: /home/rakeb/new.jpg

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,17,156,216)

150 Ok to send data.

226 File receive OK.

6942 bytes sent in 0.0123 secs (5.5e+02 Kbytes/sec)

ftp> get

(remote-file) /home/rakeb/new.jpg

(local-file) /mnt/new1.jpg

local: /mnt/new1.jpg remote: /home/rakeb/new.jpg

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,17,236,158)

150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /home/rakeb/new.jpg (6942 bytes).

226 File send OK.

6942 bytes received in 0.000277 secs (2.4e+04 Kbytes/sec)

ftp> bye

221 Goodbye.

here we connect to 192.168.1.17 ftp server and login as rakeb.

Uploading and Downloading File:

We have to use put command for uploading files

and get command for downloading files

  

DNS Server

DNS Server is Domain Name System Server. DNS converts machine names to

IP address that all machines on the net have. It maos from name to IP address

and IP address to name.

Installing DNS Server:

We can check dns server is installed or not by following caommand

[root@rakebpc root]# rpm -qa bind*

If it is not installed then we have to install it by

[root@rakebpc root]# rpm -ivh bind-rpm-file-name

Files Required To Configure:

/etc/hosts

/etc/named.conf

/ets/resolve.conf

/var/named/os2.edu.fz

/var/named/os2.edu.rev

/var/named/named.local

First we have to make a copy of /var/named/localhost.zone as /var/named/os2.edu.fz which

is our forward zone file

Then we have to make a copy of /var/named/named.local as /var/named/os2.edu.rev which

is our reverse zone file

Configuring /etc/hosts:

We have to configure /etc/hosts as following

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1         localhost

192.168.1.18   raselpc

192.168.1.17   rakeb.os2.edu  rakeb

Configuring /etc/named.conf:

The configuration of this file will be like following

// generated by named-bootconf.pl

options {

            directory "/var/named";

            /*

             * If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want

             * to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source

             * directive below.  Previous versions of BIND always asked

             * questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged

             * port by default.

             */

             query-source address * port 53;

};

//

// a caching only nameserver config

//

controls {

            inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };

};

zone "." IN {

            type hint;

            file "named.ca";

};

zone "os2.edu" IN {

            type master;

            file "os2.edu.fz";

            allow-update { none; };

};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {

            type master;

            file "os2.edu.rev";

            allow-update { none; };

};

zone "localhost" IN {

            type master;

            file "localhost.zone";

            allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {

            type master;

            file "named.local";

            allow-update { none; };

};

include "/etc/rndc.key";

Configuring /var/named/os2.edu.fz:

The file named /var/named/os2.edu.fz is our forwardzone file.

It's configuration will be like following.

$TTL   86400

$TTL   86400

@     1D  IN      SOA     rakeb.os2.edu. root.os2.edu.  (

                                      1997022700 ; Serial

                                      28800      ; Refresh

                                      14400      ; Retry

                                      3600000    ; Expire

                                      86400 )    ; Minimum

@                                1D IN NS       rakeb.os2.edu.

rakeb                              IN A             192.168.1.17

www                              IN A             192.168.1.17

proxy                              IN A             192.168.1.17

mail                                IN A             192.168.1.17

Configuring /var/named/os2.edu.rev:

The file named /var/named/os2.edu.rev is our reversezone file.

It's configuration will be like following.

$TTL   86400

@       IN      SOA     rakeb.os2.edu. root.os2.edu.  (

                                      1997022700 ; Serial

                                      28800      ; Refresh

                                      14400      ; Retry

                                      3600000    ; Expire

                                      86400 )    ; Minimum

@       IN      NS      rakeb.os2.edu.

17      IN      PTR     rakeb.os2.edu.

17      IN      PTR     mail.os2.edu.

17      IN      PTR     www.os2.edu.

17      IN      PTR     proxy.os2.edu.

Configuring /var/named/named.local:

The file named /var/named/named.local is our reversezone file for localhost.

It's configuration will be like following.

$TTL   86400

@       IN      SOA     localhost.

root.localhost.  (

                                      1997022700 ; Serial

                                      28800      ; Refresh

                                      14400      ; Retry

                                      3600000    ; Expire

                                      86400 )    ; Minimum

@        IN      NS     rakeb.os2.edu.

1       IN      PTR     localhost.

Configuring /etc/resolv.conf:

It's contents will be like following.

search os2.edu

nameserver 192.168.1.17

nameserver 192.168.1.1

nameserver 203.188.190.136

Starting dns server:

We have to start dns server by following command

[root@rakebpc root]# service named start

  

DHCP Server

DHCP server dynamically defines ip for its client computer.

Installing DHCP Server:

we have to check dhcp server is installed or not

[root@rakebpc root]# rpm -qa dhcp*

dhcp-3.0pl1-23

if dhcp server is not installed then we have to install its rpm

[root@rakebpc root]# rpm -ivh dhcp-rpm-file-name

Configuring /etc/dhcpd.conf:

We have to configure /etc/dhcpd.conf as following

ddns-update-style interim;

ignore client-updates;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

            option domain-name               "os2.edu";

            option domain-name-servers   192.168.1.17;

            option routers                          192.168.1.17;

            option subnet-mask                 255.255.255.0;

            range 192.168.1.200  192.168.1.220;

            default-lease-time 21600;

            max-lease-time 43200;

}

Creating /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases:

We have to create it by following command

[root@rakebpc root]# touch /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases

Starting dhcp server:

We have to start dhcp server by following command

[root@rakebpc root]# service dhcpd start

Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]

We can also use restart and stop

Now if we use windows in client computer we have to set ip by automatically ip address.

If we use Linux in client computer we have to set ip by automatically obtain ip setting with dhcp.

APACHE Web Server

Apache server is needed when to want to use a Linux system as a web server. Two of the most popular UNIX web server packages are Apache and NCSA.

Installing apache:

We can check apache is installed or not

[root@rakebpc root]# rpm -qa apache

If it is not installed we have to install it by following command

[root@rakebpc root]# rpm -ivh apache-rpm-file-name

Configuring /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:

We have to configure the following options

ServerName www.os2.edu:80

DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.php

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

Starting apache server:

service httpd start

Now we have to open a web browser and type the address like www.os2.edu then

index page will be opened.